The Center’s comprehensive database contains over 400 research products generated by our projects and staff. In order to make it easy to find what you are looking for, we have divided our publications into 4 broad categories (International, U.S.-focused, Books, and News), with increasingly specific categories (e.g. by project) as you drill down.
You can also search this database by country, global region, U.S. state, or keyword.
International Publications (338) « Downloads
Sub-Categories: Comparative Nonprofit Sector Publications (168) | Philanthropy Fellows Publications (19) | PtP Publications (14) | TSI Publications (7) | UN Handbook Publications (87) | Volunteer Measurement Publications (24)
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- Portugal: Nonprofit Institutions Satellite Account, 2006 (Portuguese, 2011)
Produced by Portugal’s Instituto Nacional de Estatistica - INE (National Institute for Statistics), this publication presents the results of the pilot implementation of the the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts for the year 2006. The characterization of non-profit sector in Portugal was based on the analysis, by type of activity, of the number of institutions (“universe”), employment, supply, and uses of non-profit institutions. The report and full Portuguese satellite account tables can be downloaded from INE's website here. This document is in Portuguese. - Portugal: Portugal's Nonprofit Sector in Comparative Context, 2006 (2012)
Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, Megan Haddock, and Helen Stone Tice.
This report compares the scope, composition, and revenue of the nonprofit sector in Portugal to its counterparts in other countries. The report draws on the data generated from the implementation of the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts, by Portugal’s Instituto Nacional de Estatistica - INE (National Institute for Statistics), as well as other nonprofit institution satellite accounts generated by 15 other countries around the world. The Portuguese data is circa 2006; the full Portuguese satellite account tables can be downloaded from INE's website here. - Portugal: Social Economy Satellite Account, 2013 (2016)
Produced by Portugal’s Instituto Nacional de Estatistica - INE (National Institute for Statistics), this publication presents the results of the implementation of the the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National AccountsHandbook. This download includes INE's infogrpahic on these data. The press release, infographic, and full Portuguese satellite account tables can be downloaded from INE's website here. - Portugal: The Portuguese Nonprofit Sector in Comparative Perspective (2006)
Produced by Universidade Católica Portuguesa, this report by Raquel Campos Franco, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, Eileen M. H. Hairel and Lester M. Salamon, summarizes the findings of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project work in Portugal. The findings show that the nonprofit and voluntary sector expenditures as of 2002 that represent 4.2 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), employing 4.0 percent of the economically active population. This makes the Portuguese nonprofit sector roughly equivalent in size to that in neighboring Spain and Italy. Data is circa 2002. - Portugal: Workforce, expenditures, and revenue data (2002)
Adapted from Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates, Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume Two (Bloomfied, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). Data circa 2002. - Putting Civil Society on the Economic Map of the World (2010)
Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics Vol. 81, No. 2 | Lester M. Salamon.
This paper provides an overview of a series of steps that have been taken by the Center over the past 20 years in cooperation with colleagues around the world and with officials in the United Nations Statistics Division and the International Labour Organization to bring measurement of the civil society sector into national economic statistics, culminating in the issuance and initial implementation of the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts and the International Labour Organization Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer Work. The Center is grateful to the Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics for granting permission to post this article. - Putting Nonprofit Institutions on the Economic Map of the World: A Progress Report (2006)
System of National Accounts News & Notes #23 | Lester M. Salamon. Progress report on the implementation of the UN Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts. Published in SNA News & Notes in December 2006. - Rethinking Corporate Social Engagement: Lessons from Latin America (2010)
ISBN 978-1-56549-314-8; 978-1-56549-313-1 | Lester M. Salamon.
Assesses the reality behind the “corporate social engagement (CSE)” hype in Latin America. Challenges the “MBA approach” that has dominated much of the thinking about CSE globally as inadequate for a region like Latin America and posits an alternative “corporate social engagement pyramid” as a framework for assessing CSE. Reports that many advanced Latin American companies have moved fairly far up this pyramid in ways that hold lessons for corporations everywhere. Offers a constructive critique of received wisdom about CSE and a roadmap that companies and civil society organizations in other regions can follow. This book can be ordered from Amazon or Kumarian Press. - Romania: Chapter 17 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (English, 1999)
Chapter 17 of Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume 1. Resulting from the second stage of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, this chapter analyses the scope, size, composition, and financing of the civil society sector in Romania. Data is circa 1995. - Romania: Chapter 17 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (Español, 1999)
Capítulo 17 de la La Sociedad Civil Global: Las dimensiones del sector no lucrativo, Volumen 1. Como resultado de la segunda etapa de la Johns Hopkins Proyecto Comparativo del Sector sin Fines de Lucro, en este capítulo se analiza el alcance, tamaño, composición, y la financiación del sector de la sociedad civil en Rumania. Los datos son alrededor de 1995. - Romania: Defining the Nonprofit Sector (1998)
Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #32 | Daniel Saulean and Carmen Epure.
Identifies the late emergence of the nonprofit sector in Romania as a result of the institutions imposed by the Socialist regime, and illustrates the changes in the nonprofit sector in post-Socialist Romania. This paper also identifies obstacles faced by the non-governmental sector, such as geopolitical instability and civil law, as causes that contributed to the limited growth of this sector. - Romania: Philanthropy, Nationalism, and the Growth of Civil Society (1998)
Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #31 | Maria Bucur.
Traces the historical origins of discourse on social welfare and philanthropy being employed today to institutionalize a newly burgeoning nonprofit sector. Looks at the role of the State, religion, and cultural homogeneity as factors affecting the growth of the Romanian Third Sector. Concludes that the sector’s difficulties in defining itself are based on the gap between the novelty of the sector and the traditional nature of its conceptual origins. - Romania: Workforce, expenditures, and revenue data (1995)
Adapted from Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates, Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume Two (Bloomfied, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). Data circa 1995. - SDGs and NPIs: Private Nonprofit Institutions - The foot soldiers for the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
CCSS Working Paper #25 | Lester M. Salamon and Megan A. Haddock.
This paper highlights the fundamental relevance of the global civil society sector and volunteers to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and begins the process of articulating a framework of actions that will be needed to allow NPIs to play their part in making it possible to make real progress toward achieving the 2015 SDGs. - Service Professionals and the Formation of Nonprofit Organizations: The case of Poland in the early 1990s (1999)
CCSS Working Paper #16 | S. Wojciech Sokolowski.
This paper proposes a new theoretical model to help explain the emergence of nonprofit organizations. It claims that nonprofits offer certain types of advantages for legitimizing professional innovation and furthering occupational interests of service professionals; therefore, professionals might use that form as a preferred service delivery venue. Empirical evidence is drawn from Polish data for the 1989 to 1993 period. - Slovakia: Chapter 18 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (English, 1999)
Chapter 18 of Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume 1. Resulting from the second stage of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, this chapter analyses the scope, size, composition, and financing of the civil society sector in Slovakia. Data is circa 1995. - Slovakia: Chapter 18 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (Español, 1999)
Capítulo 18 de la La Sociedad Civil Global: Las dimensiones del sector no lucrativo, Volumen 1. Como resultado de la segunda etapa de la Johns Hopkins Proyecto Comparativo del Sector sin Fines de Lucro, en este capítulo se analiza el alcance, tamaño, composición, y la financiación del sector de la sociedad civil en Eslovaquia. Los datos son alrededor de 1995. - Slovakia: Workforce, expenditures, and revenue data (1996)
Adapted from Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates, Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume Two (Bloomfied, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). Data circa 1996. - Social Origins of Civil Society: An Overview (2000)
Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #38 | Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Helmut K. Anheier.
The availability of comparative cross-national data has made it possible to test the existing theories of the origins of the nonprofit sector. These theories assume a competitive relationship between the nonprofit sector and the state in the production of public goods; however, the cross-national data show no straightforward relationship between the size of the nonprofit and the government social welfare sectors. This paper provides an alternative theory that conceptualizes the nonprofit sector in the broader context of the development of social, political, and economic institutions during the period of modernization. This theory explains cross-national variations in the size of the nonprofit sector and accounts for its different roles and relationships to other social institutions such as state, class structure, and organized religion in different countries. - Social Origins of Civil Society: Explaining the Nonprofit Sector Cross-Nationally (1996)
Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #22 | Lester M. Salamon and Helmut K. Anheier.
Applies results from the Comparative Nonprofit Sector project to test some leading nonprofit sector theories. The resulting analysis discusses how these theories often fail to account for the complexity of the cross-national experience. The authors propose a new social origins" approach to describe the international nonprofit sector. - South Africa: UN Handbook test report (1999)
From November 2000 to July 2001, a draft version of the UN Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts was tested in 11 countries, which varied in their level of development. This document captures the South African experience during this test implementation. - South Africa: Workforce, expenditures, and revenue data (1998)
Adapted from Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates, Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume Two (Bloomfied, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). Data circa 1998. - Spain's "la Caixa" Banking Foundation: A Global PtP Model (2020)
Lester M. Salamon and Juan-Cruz Alli Turrias. This in-depth case study focuses on one of the newest and largest foundations to emerge from the implementation of the PtP Concept—a recently discovered, but powerful, “third route” to the creation of significant, charitable endowments around the world through the capture of all or a portion of the proceeds of transactions involving the privatization of government-owned or -controlled assets. Spain's "la Caixa" Banking Foundation emerged from the transformation of the largest and most successful of Spain’s network of trustee savings banks into for-profit banks. The result is one of the largest charitable foundations in the world, with an estimated Gross Asset Value of €25.8 billion (roughly US$29 billion) at its founding, and annual philanthropic expenditures approaching €500 million. The case study explains how and why this transformation occurred, how the “PtP route” involving the creation of a free-standing charitable endowment came to be adopted, what governance structures and transparency provisions were put in place to ensure the independence and accountability of the resulting institution, and what programmatic achievements this PtP institution has produced. - Spain: Chapter 8 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (English, 1999)
Chapter 8 of Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume 1. Resulting from the second stage of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, this chapter analyses the scope, size, composition, and financing of the civil society sector in Spain. Data is circa 1995. - Spain: Chapter 8 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (Español, 1999)
Capítulo 8 de la La Sociedad Civil Global: Las dimensiones del sector no lucrativo, Volumen 1. Como resultado de la segunda etapa de la Johns Hopkins Proyecto Comparativo del Sector sin Fines de Lucro, en este capítulo se analiza el alcance, tamaño, composición, y la financiación del sector de la sociedad civil en España. Los datos son alrededor de 1995.