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• Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Methodology
  The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project sought to develop a common base of data about a similar set of “nonprofit” or “voluntary” institutions in a disparate set of countries. This required that we resolve five critical methodological and conceptual challenges including selection of a set of differing countries for testing theories; clearly defining what was meant by “nonprofit” or “voluntary” organizations; development of a classification scheme; identification the most meaningful aspects of these organizations to focus on for data-gathering purposes; and devising a way to collect reliable data on these aspects in a cost-efficient fashion. This document describes how the Center went about these tasks and provides more detail on the actual sources of data used in various countries.

• Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume 1 (1999)
  ISBN 1-886333-42-4 | Lester M. Salamon, Helmut K. Anheier, Regina List, Stefan Toepler, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates. Resulting from the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, this volume presents a comprehensive country-by-country analysis of the scope, size, composition, and financing of the civil society sector in 22 countries around the world. The full text is available for download here; also available for purchase at Amazon.

• Japan: Chapter 12 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (English, 1999)
  Chapter 12 of Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume 1. Resulting from the second stage of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, this chapter analyses the scope, size, composition, and financing of the civil society sector in Japan. Data is circa 1995.

• Japan: Chapter 12 in Global Civil Society, Volume 1 (Español, 1999)
  Capítulo 12 de la La Sociedad Civil Global: Las dimensiones del sector no lucrativo, Volumen 1. Como resultado de la segunda etapa de la Johns Hopkins Proyecto Comparativo del Sector sin Fines de Lucro, en este capítulo se analiza el alcance, tamaño, composición, y la financiación del sector de la sociedad civil en Japón. Los datos son alrededor de 1995.

• Japan: Defining the Nonprofit Sector (1993)
  Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #15 | Takayoshi Amenomori. Explains that the nonprofit sector in Japan is greatly influenced by the public and private sectors and that is difficult to measure because many of the organizations are not registered or incorporated, and are often treated as a part of the government. Delves into the historical background of the Japan, emphasizing its tradition of philanthropy and highlighting the changes over various periods including the monarchy, through World War II, and in the post-war period. Also shows the role of Buddhism in the creation of philanthropic activities and the presence of the nonprofit sector in Japanese law.

• Japan: Nonprofit Institutions Satellite Account, 2003 (2006)
  Prepared by Naoto Yamauchi, Osaka School of International Public Policy at Osaka University and based on the "Study on Nonprofit Satellite Account" by Mitsubishi UFJ Research & Consulting for Economic and Social Research Institute, the Cabinet Office of Japan, this report examines NPI data from 2003. It finds that for that year, Japan's NPIs generated an output of 36.3 trillion yen, a gross value added of 20.8 trillion yen, and employee compensation totaled 19.1 trillion yen.

• Japan: Workforce, expenditures, and revenue data (1995)
  Adapted from Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates, Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume Two (Bloomfied, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). Data circa 1995.

• The State of Global Civil Society and Volunteering: Latest findings from the implementation of the UN Nonprofit Handbook (2013)
  Comparative Nonprofit Sector Working Paper #49 | Lester M. Salamon, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, Megan Haddock, and Helen S. Tice. The latest findings resulting from the implementation of the UN Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts. This report includes data on nonprofit employment, volunteering, fields of activity, contribution to GDP, expenditures, and revenues in 16 countries around the world.